chapter 4

Chapter 4

1.     Expressing regets and apologis

Regreeting and apologizing	Accepting apologies
I’m sorry. I don’t know	That’s all right
I’m terribly sorry. I forget	Never mind
I’m so sorry	That’s okay
I’m really sorry	Please don’t worry
I’m sorry to hear about that	It doesn’t matter at all
Oh, please excuse me
Oh, that’s too had

2.   Expressing sympathy

Ø  I’ sorry to hear about that Ø  Oh, that’s too bad Ø  What a same Ø  That’s a same Ø  That’s a pity Ø  How terribbe Ø  What a nuisanc

3.  Expressions of asking and responding to permissions

Asking permissions	Giving permissions	Declining
May I borrow your pen please ?	Yes please do	I’m sorry you can’t
Can I use your phone, please ?	Sure	Oh, I’m sorry , but that’s not possible
Will you join with us ?	Okay	I’m afraid, but you can’t
Could you lend me some money ?	All right	No, please don’t
Would you open the door please ?	Of course
Is it okay if I sit here ?	Please feel free
Do you mind if I smoke ?
Would you mind if I asked you something ?

4.  Expressions of making and responding to request

Making request	Responding
Can you show me your photo album, please ?	Sure here you are
Wiil you lend me your computer , please /	Okay
Could you possibly show me the way to the bookstore, please ?	No, I’m sorry I need it
Would you help me whit this homework, please ?	I’m afraid I can’t
Would you mind lending me your memory card, please ?

5.   Expressions of making and responding to offers

Making offers	accepting	Declining
Can I help you ?	Yes please, I’d like to	It’s OK, I can do it my self
Shall I turn on the lamp for you ?	That would be very kind if you	Don’t worry, I’ll do it
Would you like another cup of the hot chocolate ?	Yes, please that would be lovely.	No, thank
Would you like me to clean board ?	Yes please, I’d love to	No, thank you
How about a soft drink	If you wouldn’t mind
	If you could
	Thank you , that would be great

6.  Modals

Modals ( also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries ) are special verbs  which behave irregularly in English . they are used to express speakers’ attitudes or we call it as communicative functions. For example, modals can express feels something is permissible, advisable, necessary, advisable, possible, and in addition, they can convey the strength of those attitudes.

Remember : modal verbs are followed by an infinitive whitout ‘to’.

Example :

Example :

v  You must do it

v  You should study harder

v  There are a lot of apples in the fridge. You need not buy any

Exception : you ought to go to the dentist.

7.   Adjective –ing VS –ed

In order not to be confused in catching yhe undelying meaning of adjective derived from the present participle ( verb-ing ) and past participle ( verb-3 / verb ending with-ed ) study the following guideline.

If something is –ing it make us –ed

Ø  Ben is amused because the cartoon is amusing

Ø  The cartoon is amusing so ben is amused. ( not ben is amusing )

8.  Subject and verb agreement

It is important to identify a subject and use the correct verb whit it. Subject/verb agreement is : the subject and verb must agree in number : both must be singular, or both must be plural.

Example :

He and his friends are nt the fair

The dictionary or the calculator is in the drawer.

9.  Linking verbs

Linking verb are words that are used to connect subject and predicate in a sentence. These are the example of linking verb : appear, feel, go, grow, keep, look, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn.

Example :

      Her daughter becomes a doctor

      My father grows old